terminology - Is there a term for the argument of the sine function outside of geometry?

Are there similar terms in other areas for the idea the "angle" conveys in geometry? I find that functions for abstract things such as pressure, electrical currents (nothing geometric there) on AC circuits and are described by the sine function (argument is an angle, therefore a geometric entity). Do we really have that abstract things are necessarily described by geometric entities?

Maybe the concept of angle we know is a simply an example of a greater idea (like a a measure of difference between instances of the same thing) applied to geometry or am I tripping?