knowledge - Future countries – party like it's 19999!

I recently met a time traveller from a distant hypothetical future, and we had an interesting discussion about the geographies of our respective worlds. It turns out that the world map is pretty similar in the year 19999 (they may be using a different numbering system) to what it is now. There are a few changes, though. Here are the descriptions of some sovereign states from that future.

1. I am a landlocked country with significant Turkish and Arabic speaking minorities. I have a violent history and have been ruled by more countries than I can count.


2. I am surrounded by water on three sides. In my south I have a popular vacation island. For decades I was split through the middle.


3. My mountainous terrain was for years heavily restricted for visitors. Since our independence we have been opening our doors more to outsiders Mountaineering and spiritual tourism are important sources of income.


4. A popular Mediterranean tourist destination, my secession spiked an economic crisis in the kingdom I used to be a part of. Relations are better now, even though we had a long dispute over the possession of an important island chain.

Can you guess the names of the countries?

Answer

Could 1 be

KURDISTAN?

I am a landlocked country with significant Turkish and Arabic speaking minorities.

A landlocked region where Kurdish would be the majority language, but there are plenty of Turks and Arabs in the area too.

I have a violent history and have been ruled by more countries than I can count.

The Ottomans, the Soviets, the Turks, the Saudis, the Iraqis, etc., etc.

Could 2 be (Thanks to @Jaap Scherphuis for this wonderful answer!)

UNIFIED KOREA?

I am surrounded by water on three sides.

It's a peninsula in the East China Sea.

In my south I have a popular vacation island.

Jeju Island, a popular tourist destination off the coast of current South Korea.

For decades I was split through the middle.

Split between the North and South Koreans in the 20th century.

Could 3 be

TIBET?

My mountainous terrain was for years heavily restricted for visitors.

Restricted by the Chinese who currently claim it.

Since our independence we have been opening our doors more to outsiders.

Potential future independence from China.

Mountaineering and spiritual tourism are important sources of income.

Because of the Himalayas and the Dalai Lama and Tibetan monks.

Could 4 be (I just noticed @Eutherpy had the same answer!! Full credit to @Eutherpy!)

CATALONIA?

A popular Mediterranean tourist destination, my secession spiked an economic crisis in the kingdom I used to be a part of.

A popular part of the Kingdom of Spain, although it might not take much to push them into an economic crisis nowadays.

Relations are better now, even though we had a long dispute over the possession of an important island chain.

Relates to a dispute over the Balearic Islands.