The equation
dS=dQT
is said do hold only on reversible processes. Indeed this is almost always emphasized by writing
dS=dQrevT,
to be clear that this is during one reversible process.
Now there are some irreversible processes on which this is used. For instance, if one mass m of a substance melts at temperature T0 and if it has latent heat of fusion qL then it is usually computed that
ΔS=mqLT0.
Another example is when heat enters a system at constant temperature. In that case if the heat is Q we have
ΔS=QT.
All these processes are clearly irreversible. It is intuitively clear, but more than that we have ΔS>0 in all of them.
Still we are finding ΔS using
ΔS=∫dQT,
and it is obviously that this integral is being carried along irreversible processes in the examples I gave.
In that case, whey can we use this formula to find the change in entropy if the processes are irreversible?
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