The equation
dS=dQT
is said do hold only on reversible processes. Indeed this is almost always emphasized by writing
dS = \dfrac{dQ_{\mathrm{rev}}}{T},
to be clear that this is during one reversible process.
Now there are some irreversible processes on which this is used. For instance, if one mass m of a substance melts at temperature T_0 and if it has latent heat of fusion q_L then it is usually computed that
\Delta S = \dfrac{mq_L}{T_0}.
Another example is when heat enters a system at constant temperature. In that case if the heat is Q we have
\Delta S = \dfrac{Q}{T}.
All these processes are clearly irreversible. It is intuitively clear, but more than that we have \Delta S > 0 in all of them.
Still we are finding \Delta S using
\Delta S = \int \dfrac{dQ}{T},
and it is obviously that this integral is being carried along irreversible processes in the examples I gave.
In that case, whey can we use this formula to find the change in entropy if the processes are irreversible?
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