Wednesday, 22 October 2014

group theory - The anticommutator of SU(N) generators


For the Hermitian and traceless generators TA of the fundamental representation of the SU(N) algebra the anticommutator can be written as {TA,TB}=1dδAB11d+dABCTC where δAB=2Tr[TATB] is the normalization chosen for the generators (note that they are also chosen orthogonal), d=N for the fundamental representation, and 11d is the d-dimensional identity matrix.



For the fundamental representation it seems possible to deduce this expression by arguing that the anticommutator is Hermitian and hence can be written in terms of the N21 traceless generators and one matrix with non-vanishing trace.


Does this expression hold for a general representation of the generators? If yes please explain why and/or provide a reference.


The relevance in the above equation appears in trying to express a general product: TATB=12[TA,TB]+12{TA,TB} where the commutator is already known as a consequence of the closure of SU(N).



Answer



For a general representation tA of the generators of SU(N) it is possible to deduce the following form of the anticommutator {tA,tB}=2NdδAB1d+dABCtC+MAB where Tr[tAtB]=NδABdABC=1NTr[{tA,tB}tC] and the object MAB satisfies a number of properties Tr[MAB]=0,MAA=0,Tr[MABtC]=0,MAB=MBA,(MAB)=MAB The second last property expresses the orthogonality of MAB to the generators tA showing that it is not contained in the algebra. In the case of the fundamental representation MAB=0 as the degrees of freedom have been exhausted (or alternatively; the generators and the identity span the full space of Hermitian matrices).


In the case of the adjoint representations of SU(2) and SU(3) I performed an explicit calculation of MAB, verifying the properties above.


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