How does one go about evaluating the behavior of the BCS gap Δ=Δ(T) for T→0+ under the weak coupling approximation Δ/ℏωD≪1?
In Fetter & Walecka, Quantum theory of Many-Particle Systems, Prob. 13.9 it is said that the starting point is lnΔ0Δ=2∫ℏωD0dξ√ξ2+Δ21eβ√ξ2+Δ2+1,
For the record, the expected behavior is supposed to be Δ(T)∼Δ0(1−√2πβΔ0e−βΔ0).
EDIT: Just leaving it here for the posterity. I found a more complete way to tackle this integral; specifically, under the WC approximation one has ∫+∞0dx√x2+1e−βΔ√x2+11+e−βΔ√x2+1=∫+∞1dy√y2−1e−βΔy1+e−βΔy=
K0 being the 0-order modified Bessel function of the second kind, whose asymptotic behavior is known and may be used to solve the problem in a relatively clean way (and even find the corrections at higher orders, which are ∈O(e−βΔ(βΔ)−k−1/2). Cf. Abrikosov, Gorkov, Dzyaloshinski, Methods of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Phyisics, 1963. Pagg. 303-304.
Answer
Hints:
Define difference δ:=Δ−Δ0. Deduce from |δ|≪|Δ0| that the lhs. of eq. (1) is lhs ≈ −δΔ0.
Substitute ξ=xΔ in the integral on the rhs. of eq. (1). Deduce using ℏωD≫Δ that the rhs. is rhs ≈ ∫Rdx√1+x21eβΔ√1+x2+1.
Deduce from βΔ≫1 that we can simplify the rhs. further to a Gaussian integral rhs ≈ ∫Rdx e−βΔ(1+12x2) = √2πβΔe−βΔ.
Such arguments are closely related to the method of steepest descent.Deduce eq. (2).
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