Thursday, 19 May 2016

thermodynamics - Why is black hole entropy not an extensive quantity?


The Bekenstein entropy for a black hole is proportional to the surface area $A$ of the black hole $$ S_{BH} = \frac{k_B}{4 l_P^2} A $$ with the Planck length $l_P = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^3}}$.


The area is the surface of a sphere with Schwarzschild radius $r_s = \frac{2 M G}{c^2}$, so $$ A = 4 \pi r_s^2 = 16\pi \left(\frac{G}{c^2}\right)^2 M^2 $$ and the black hole entropy is therefore proportional to the mass of the black hole $M$ squared: $$ S_{BH} = \frac{4 \pi k_B G}{\hbar c} M^2. $$ But this quite unusual for an entropy. In classical thermodynamics entropy is always supposed to be an extensive quantity, so $S\sim M$. But the black hole entropy $S_{BH} \sim M^2$ is obviously a non-extensive quantity. Isn't a non-extensive entropy inconsistent within the framework of thermodynamics? Why is it, that the entropy of a black hole must be a non-extensive quantity? Shouldn't we better define an entropy for a black hole from e.g. the ratio of Schwarzschild radius to Planck length, which would give us an extensive entropy like $$ S_{BH, ext} \sim k_B \frac{r_s}{l_P} \sim k_B\sqrt{\frac{4G}{\hbar c}} M $$




No comments:

Post a Comment

Understanding Stagnation point in pitot fluid

What is stagnation point in fluid mechanics. At the open end of the pitot tube the velocity of the fluid becomes zero.But that should result...