Saturday, 7 January 2017

semiconductor physics - Reorganization of energy bands beyond a very low lattice constant


I read this (from this website, with my emphasis):



As the lattice constant is reduced, there is an overlap of the electron wavefunctions occupying adjacent atoms. This leads to a splitting of the energy levels consistent with the Pauli exclusion principle. The splitting results in an energy band containing $2N$ states in the $2s$ band and $6N$ states in the $2p$ band, where $N$ is the number of atoms in the crystal. A further reduction of the lattice constant causes the $2s$ and $2p$ energy bands to merge and split again into two bands containing $4N$ states each. At zero Kelvin, the lower band is completely filled with electrons and labeled as the valence band.




They had taken the example of a diamond in this case.


Update: JonCuster's comment (thanks!) makes it clear that the paragraph above talking about "$2N$ states in the $2s$ band and $6N$ states in the $2p$ band" is wrong, since once atomic subshells become a part of crystal subshells, they are now governed by Bloch functions and not electron wave functions. Yet, this site has also described the reorganization of these (non-existent) $2s$ and $2p$ bands into new bands in a certain detail. With regards to this additional detail (the highlighted sentence of the quoted paragraph), my question is: are they trying to simplify certain known details? Or are they effectively creating a wrong story entirely?


My questions:



  1. Does this reorganization ("merge and split again") of energy bands occurs to lattices all elements, including metals?

  2. What exactly is the rule regarding this reorganization? (which has not been clearly mentioned there)

  3. And what do we name these new energy bands? I was told that the energy bands before reorganization are named the same as the subshell it was derived from. (A $2p$ energy band is derived by splitting the $2p$ subshells of $N$ identical atoms) Though, I am not sure how to name the new energy bands obtained after reorganization.


Regarding 2nd question, this is my thought: after a suitably large reduction of lattice constant, all the energy bands belonging to each shell of principal quantum number $n$ will reorganize with each other. For example, the $n=3$ shell had $18N$ electrons, initially organized as $2N, 6N, 10N$; but now will be reorganized as $6N$ in each new band according to me.





I hope I have clearly identified my question and provided reasonable attempts to identity the correct answers to it. Please comment for clarification. Thank you!




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