Suppose,there are six molecules(indistinguishable) constantly jostling around in a box. The central configuration is when there are 3 molecules in either halves of the box and having probability 31.3%. However,
it is surprising that there is probability,however small, of finding all the molecules in the corner half of the box. - Resnick,Halliday,Walker.
Doesn't it break the Second law of thermodynamics? The configuration where the molecules are confined in a corner isn't possible. But math is showing otherwise. They have probability 1.6%. How can it be possible??
[Even Planck also hesitated and at first rejected the underlying assumption of Boltzmann's approach which allows the Second law to be violated momentarily during fluctuations1.
1"A small probability exists that all the molecules of a system of confined gas might appear for an instant in just one corner of the container. This is called energy fluctuation."- Boltzmann]
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