My question is simple : we use Hemloltz free energy "A" to study equilibrium of system under transformation at T and N constants.
We have A=E-T.S, but dA=dE-TdS-SdT
Why is the differential dT dependent as we construct this function to study equilibrium for system where the temperature is imposed ?
[edit] : More detailed question :
In fact what I understood is that for any system where the external work is only done by pressure forces we have :
dU+PdV−TdS<0 (it comes from first principle and using the fact that dS=δQT+δSc with δSc>0).
And we define a thermodynamic potential Φ as dΦ=dU+PdV−TdS. The equilibrium will then be done if dΦ=0
It is not possible to define a general Φ, but if we work in (T,V,N) (dT=dV=dN=0), we have : dΦ=dU+PdV−TdS=d(U−TS), so Φ=A=U−TS.
Then to construct F we assumed dT=0, so why do we consider after that dT is not equal to 0 ? I don't get the logic.
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