I saw this Nature article today, which cites e.g. arXiv:1211.0545.
And it makes no sense to me. The temperature of a collection of particles is the average kinetic energy of those particles. Kinetic energy cannot be less than zero (as far as I'm aware), so I don't understand what this article is trying to say, unless they're playing around with the conventional definition of "temperature".
The only thing I can thing of is if you have something like:
1kT = (∂S∂E)N,V
And they've created a situation where entropy decreases with increasing energy.
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