If I am given a statistical system, then I can define state-variables like Energy, Entropy or other observables, and then I can (at least for equilibrium states) give the infinitesimal change of energy as:
dE=TdS+Kdx
Here x means any observable and K means the depending force, for example if x is the volume V, then K is minus the pressure −p. What I read all the time is
dE=δQ+δW
Is there a general microscopic way to define what part of the above formula is δW and what part is δQ ?
For example, for reversible processes, δQ=TdS and δW=Kdx. But what if I'm looking at an arbitrary process?
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