quantum field theory - How does the nature of nuclear force change between attractive or repulsive based on distance?

I know that the nuclear force is responsible for binding the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. The force is powerfully attractive at small separations and rapidly decreases as the distance between the particles concerned increases and becomes repulsive after that.But, why does that happen?

I'm not able to find a way to explain it in anyway.How can a force be attractive and repulsive based on the difference between the concerned particles? This might have to do with how the forces actually work which I'm not familiar with. Please explain to me how this happens. Since I'm a high school student I will be unable to understand the high level math involved(if any in the answer given) so, I would like a conceptual understanding about the situation.