Saturday, 29 August 2020

quantum field theory - Lie algebra of axial charges


Starting from the lagrangian (linear sigma model without symmetry breaking, here $N$ is the nucleon doublet and $\tau_a$ are pauli matrices)


$L=\bar Ni\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu N+ \frac{1}{2} \partial_\mu\sigma\partial^\mu\sigma+\frac{1}{2}\partial_\mu\pi_a\partial^\mu\pi_a+g\bar N(\sigma+i\gamma_5\pi_a \tau_a)N$


we can construct conserved currents using Noether's Theorem applied to $SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R$ symmetry: we get three currents for every $SU(2)$. By adding and subtracting them, we obtain vector and axial currents.
We could have obtained vector charges quickly by observing that they are just isospin charges, so nucleons behave as an $SU(2)$ doublet (fundamental representation), pions as a triplet (adjoint representation) and sigma as a singlet (so basically it does not transform):


$V_a=-i\int d^3x \,\,[iN^\dagger\frac{\tau_a}{2}N+\dot\pi_b(-i\epsilon_{abc})\pi_c]$



But if I wanted to do the same with axial charges, what Lie algebra/representation must I use for pions and sigma?
I mean, axial charges are


$A_a=-i\int d^3x \,\,[iN^\dagger\frac{\tau_a}{2}\gamma_5N+i(\sigma\dot\pi_a-\dot\sigma\pi_a)]$


and I would like to reproduce the second term using a representation of Lie algebra generators of axial symmetry which act on $\sigma$ and $\pi$, but I don't know the algebra (I think it is $SU(2)$), neither the representation to use.
I tried to reproduce that form using the three matrices


$T^1=\begin{bmatrix} 0&-i&0&0\\i&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}\quad T^2=\begin{bmatrix} 0&0&-i&0\\0&0&0&0\\i&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}\quad T^3=\begin{bmatrix} 0&0&0&-i\\0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0\\i&0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$


which should act on the vector $(\sigma,\pi_1,\pi_2,\pi_3)$, but I calculated their commutator and they don't form an algebra, so I think I'm getting wrong somewhere in my reasoning.



Answer



In the linear sigma model, the chiral action on the pion fields can be implemented on the following matrix combination of the fields:


$$U(2) \ni \Sigma = \sigma + i \tau^a \pi_a $$



An element $ (U_L = exp(\frac{i}{2}\theta^{(L)}_a \tau^a), U_R = exp(\frac{i}{2}\theta^{(R)}_a \tau^a)) \in SU(2)_L \otimes SU(2)_R $ acts on \Sigma as follows:


$$\Sigma \rightarrow \Sigma' = U_L \Sigma U_R^{\dagger}$$


The kinetic term of the Lagrangian in the matrix representation is given by:


$$L_{kin} = \frac{1}{2} \partial_{\mu}\Sigma \partial^{\mu}\Sigma^{\dagger}$$.


This term is manifestly invariant under all transformations. The interaction term has also a manifestly invariant form:


$$L_{int} = \bar{N}_L \Sigma N_R+ \bar{N}_R \Sigma^{\dagger} N_L$$.


where $N_{L,R} = (1\pm \gamma_5)N $. Thus the whole Lagrangian is invariant under the chiral transformations.


The vector transformation is generated by the subgroup characterized by:


$$\theta^{(L)} = \theta^{(R)} = \theta^{(V)}$$


The axial transformation is generated by the subset characterized by:



$$\theta^{(L)} = -\theta^{(R)} = \theta^{(A)}$$


Substituting in the transformation equations of $\Sigma$ and keeping only the linear terms (this is sufficient for the application of the Noether's theorem), we obtain:


-Vector transformation:


$$ \pi_a' = \pi_a +\epsilon_{abc}\theta^{(V)}_b \pi_c $$


$$ \sigma' = \sigma$$


-Axial transformation:


$$ \pi_a' = \pi_a +\theta^{(A)}_a \sigma $$


$$ \sigma' = \sigma + \theta^{(A)}_a \pi_a$$


Now it is not hard to see that these transformations generate the correct contributions of the pionic fields to the currents.


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