Wednesday, 12 August 2020

quantum mechanics - von Neumann Entropy of a joint state


Definition 1 The von Neumann entropy of a density matrix is given by S(ρ):=Tr[ρlnρ]=H[λ(ρ)]

where H[λ(ρ)] is the Shannon entropy of the set of probabilities λ(ρ) (which are eigenvalues of the density operator ρ).


Definition 2 If a system is prepared in the ensemble {pj,ρj} then we define the Holevo χ quantity for the ensemble by χ:=S(ρ)jpjS(ρj)


Short Question : Let A and B be two quantum systems in a state of the form ρ(AB)=iqi|a(A)ia(A)i|ρ(B)i

where the states |a(A)i are orthogonal. What property of the von Neumann entropy implies that the von Neumann entropy of the joint state is S(ρ(AB))=H(q)+iqiS(ρ(B)i)?


Proposal: I'm pretty sure it makes use of the following properties of von Neumann entropy: S(ρAρB)=S(ρA)+S(ρB)

and if ρA=xpx|ϕxϕx| then S(ρAρB)=H(X)+S(ρB)
where X={|ϕx,px}.


Thanks for any assistance.



Answer



ρ(AB)=iqi|a(A)ia(A)i|ρ(B)i

Note that subsystem A and B are separable, let ρ(B)i=jλji|bji(B)bji(B)|.
Substitute equation (2) into (1): S(ρ(AB))=ijqiλjiln(qiλji)=ijqiλji(lnqi+lnλji)=iqilnqiiqijλjilnλji=H(q)+iqiS(ρ(B)i).


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