Is it possible to derive the optical Bloch equations for a 2-level-system driven by an oscillating EM-Field from the von Neumann equation for the density operator?
I'm assuming a system consisting of the states |g⟩ and e⟩. Those are eigenstates of the Hamiltonian ˆH0 with energies Ee and Eg. The whole hamiltonian should be a sum of ˆH0 and ˆHE=→rzE0cosωt. Because of the dipole operator, the diagonal matrix elements of ˆHE will disappear:
⟨g|ˆHE|g⟩=⟨e|ˆHE|e⟩=0 ⟨g|ˆHE|e⟩=⟨e|ˆHE|g⟩∗=ΩRabiℏcosωt
Let's say i'm interested in the differential equation for the first density matrix element ρgg, and I know it's supposed to look like this (According to my professor): dρggdt=i2Ω∗Rabie−i(ω−ω0)tρge−i2ΩRabiei(ω−ω0)tρeg
However, if I try to derive this:
ddtˆρ=iℏ(ˆρ(ˆH0+ˆHE)−(ˆH0+ˆHE)ˆρ)ddtρgg=iℏ⟨g|(ˆρ(ˆH0+ˆHE)−(ˆH0+ˆHE)ˆρ)|g⟩=iℏ(⟨g|ˆρˆH0|g⟩+⟨g|ˆρˆHE|g⟩−⟨g|ˆH0ˆρ|g⟩+⟨g|ˆHEˆρ|g⟩)=iℏ(Eg⟨g|ˆρ|g⟩+⟨g|ˆρˆHE|g⟩−Eg⟨g|ˆρ|g⟩+⟨g|ˆHEˆρ|g⟩)=iℏ(⟨g|ˆρˆHE|g⟩−⟨g|ˆHEˆρ|g⟩)=iℏ(⟨g|ˆρ|g⟩⟨g|ˆHE|g⟩+⟨g|ˆρ|e⟩⟨e|ˆHE|g⟩−⟨g|ˆHE|g⟩⟨g|ˆρ|g⟩−⟨g|ˆHE|e⟩⟨e|ˆρ|g⟩)=iℏ(ρgeΩ∗Rabicosωt−ρegΩRabicosωt)
So now here I stand and don't know wether I made a mistake, or wether it's not possible without additional assumptions. I don't know how possibly something like eiω0t should appear in this equation.
Answer
To arrive at the equations that my professor gave, I have to assume different states for |e⟩ and |g⟩. While I used the time independent, you can also use the same states multiplied by a phase-factor |e⟩=e−iωgt|e⟩ and |g⟩=g−iωgt|e⟩. Using them, the matrix elements of ˆHE are:
⟨˜g|ˆHE|˜e⟩=⟨˜e|ˆHE|˜g⟩∗=ΩRabiℏcosωteiω0t
With ω0=ωe−ωg. The rotating wave approximation yields the desired result in the question:
dρggdt=i2Ω∗Rabie−i(ω−ω0)tρeg−i2ΩRabiei(ω−ω0)tρge
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