Tuesday, 3 November 2020

quantum mechanics - Deriving the optical Bloch equations from the von Neumann equations


Is it possible to derive the optical Bloch equations for a 2-level-system driven by an oscillating EM-Field from the von Neumann equation for the density operator?



I'm assuming a system consisting of the states |g and e. Those are eigenstates of the Hamiltonian ˆH0 with energies Ee and Eg. The whole hamiltonian should be a sum of ˆH0 and ˆHE=rzE0cosωt. Because of the dipole operator, the diagonal matrix elements of ˆHE will disappear:


g|ˆHE|g=e|ˆHE|e=0 g|ˆHE|e=e|ˆHE|g=ΩRabicosωt


Let's say i'm interested in the differential equation for the first density matrix element ρgg, and I know it's supposed to look like this (According to my professor): dρggdt=i2ΩRabiei(ωω0)tρgei2ΩRabiei(ωω0)tρeg


However, if I try to derive this:


ddtˆρ=i(ˆρ(ˆH0+ˆHE)(ˆH0+ˆHE)ˆρ)ddtρgg=ig|(ˆρ(ˆH0+ˆHE)(ˆH0+ˆHE)ˆρ)|g=i(g|ˆρˆH0|g+g|ˆρˆHE|gg|ˆH0ˆρ|g+g|ˆHEˆρ|g)=i(Egg|ˆρ|g+g|ˆρˆHE|gEgg|ˆρ|g+g|ˆHEˆρ|g)=i(g|ˆρˆHE|gg|ˆHEˆρ|g)=i(g|ˆρ|gg|ˆHE|g+g|ˆρ|ee|ˆHE|gg|ˆHE|gg|ˆρ|gg|ˆHE|ee|ˆρ|g)=i(ρgeΩRabicosωtρegΩRabicosωt)


So now here I stand and don't know wether I made a mistake, or wether it's not possible without additional assumptions. I don't know how possibly something like eiω0t should appear in this equation.



Answer



To arrive at the equations that my professor gave, I have to assume different states for |e and |g. While I used the time independent, you can also use the same states multiplied by a phase-factor |e=eiωgt|e and |g=giωgt|e. Using them, the matrix elements of ˆHE are:


˜g|ˆHE|˜e=˜e|ˆHE|˜g=ΩRabicosωteiω0t


With ω0=ωeωg. The rotating wave approximation yields the desired result in the question:



dρggdt=i2ΩRabiei(ωω0)tρegi2ΩRabiei(ωω0)tρge


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