The parameters of ΛCDM model have been determined to an amazing high precision from the measurements made by the Planck mission. In particular, the Hubble "constant" (the value of Hubble parameter at the present day) has been determined to be H0=(67.3±1.2)kms−1Mpc−1. They have also given values for the density parameters at the present day (the density divided by the critical density) coming from cosmological constant, ΩΛ,0=0.6817, and from matter, Ωm,0=0.3183. The age of the Universe t0 can be calculated from other cosmological parameters in this way
t0=1H0∫10ada√ΩΛ,0a4+Ωk,0a2+Ωm,0a+Ωr,0,
where Ωk=1−Ω is the space curvature parameter, Ω=Ωm,0+ΩΛ,0+Ωr,0 is the total energy density parameter (the energy density divided by the critical density) and Ωr is the energy density parameter coming from radiation.
I have read that the age of the Universe has been established from the Planck mission measurements as t0=13.82×109 years. My question is: how is this value been calculated? I mean, it has been calculated assuming a flat space geometry, that is, assuming that Ωk=1−Ω=0? If not, what values for Ωr,0 and Ωk,0 have been used to perform the calculation?
Answer
As far as I have understood from this paper, they have given some observational limits to the value of Ωk,0, but this article concludes asserting that "there is no evidence from Planck for any departure from a spatially flat geometry". Taking Ωk,0=0 and the value for Ωr,0 given at this post, one can compute the above integral obtaining t0=0.947797H−10, which, taking H0=67.3kms−1Mpc−1, gives t0=13.78×109 years.
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