Suppose for instance that ϕ is the real Klein-Gordon field. As I understand it, a†(k)|0⟩=|k⟩ represents the state of a particle with momentum k. I also learned that ϕ†(x) acts on the vacuum ϕ(x)†|0⟩, creating a particle at x. But it seems that ϕ†(x)|0⟩,ϕ†(y)|0⟩ are not even orthogonal at equal times, so I don't see how this is possible. So what is it exactly? And what about for fields that aren't Klein-Gordon, ie. electromagnetic potential.
Edit: As I now understand it, ϕ(x)|0⟩ doesn't represent a particle at x, but can be interpreted as a particle most likely to be found at x upon measurement and which is unlikely to be found outside of a radius of one Compton wavelength (by analyzing ⟨0|ϕ(y)ϕ(x)|0⟩). So taking c→∞, ϕ(x)|0⟩ represents a particle located at x, and I suppose generally experiments are carried over distances much longer than the Compton wavelength so for experimental purposes we can regard ϕ(x)|0⟩ as a particle located at x. Is this the case? If so it's interesting that this doesn't seem to be explained in any QFT books I've seen.
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