I was following Schwarz's book on quantum field theory. There he defines the asymptotic momentum eigenstates |i⟩≡|k1k2⟩ and |f⟩≡|k3k4⟩ in the S-matrix element ⟨f|S|i⟩ as the eigenstates of the full Hamiltonian i.e., H=H0+Hint. Therefore, the states |i⟩=|k1k2⟩ is defined as
|k1k2⟩=a†k1(−∞)a†k2(−∞)|Ω⟩
where |Ω⟩ is the vacuum of the full interacting theory. Then the LSZ reduction formula connects the S-matrix element ⟨f|S|i⟩ to the Green' functions of the interaction theory defined as G(n)(x1,x2,...xn)=⟨Ω|T[ϕ(x1)ϕ(x2)...ϕ(xn)]|Ω⟩.
Doubt 1 When the particles are far away, the interaction can be considered to be adiabatically switched off. Therefore, at t=±∞ the states are really free particle states and should have been written as
|k1k2⟩=a†k1(−∞)a†k2(−∞)|0⟩
and |k3k4⟩=a†k3(+∞)a†k4(+∞)|0⟩
Doubt 2 The initial and final states were derived from the vacuum of the interacting theory |Ω⟩. According to my understanding, this suggests that the states |i⟩≡|k1k2⟩ and |f⟩≡|k3k4⟩ are eigenstates of the full Hamiltonian H. Since then there is no perturbation, there should not be any scattering or transition at all.
More references Even Peskin and Schroeder, Bjorken and Drell, Srednicki take the same approach as Schwartz; they too define the external momentum eigenstates to the eigenstate of the full Hamiltonian H. However, if the system was initially in a stationary state why should it undergo a transition in absence of any perturbation?
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