Friday, 1 April 2016

condensed matter - Partial Transpose in Gapped Time-reversal Symmetric Spin Chains


Suppose you have a one-dimensional quantum spin system with on-site Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{S}$. Suppose there is an anti-unitary, anti-linear operator $C$ on $\mathcal{S}$ inducing an anti-linear, anti-unitary operator $C_X$ on any $\mathcal{H}_{X} := \bigotimes_{x \in X} \mathcal{S}$.


In this situation one can define a partial transpose; namely consider disjoint subsets $X_1,X_2 \subset \mathbb{Z}$ and let $A = A_1 \otimes A_2$ be a operator on $\mathcal{H}_{X_1} \otimes \mathcal{H}_{X_2}$. Then define the partial transpose to be the $\mathbb{C}$-linear extension of


$$ (A_1 \otimes A_2)^{T_1} = (C_{X_1} A_1^* C_{X_1}) \otimes A_2 \ .$$


Assume $\Omega$ is a injective translation invariant matrix product state symmetric under $C_{\mathbb{Z}}$. Consider two adjacent disjoint intervals $X_1,X_2$ and $X = X_1 \cup X_2$ and let $L = \min(|X_1|,|X_2|)$. Then


$$ Z:= \lim_{L \rightarrow \infty} \text{Tr}(\rho_X^{T_1} \rho_X) = \pm \lim_{L \rightarrow \infty} \text{Tr}(\rho_X^2)^{\frac{3}{2}} \ . $$


Here, if $\mathcal{C}$ implements $C$ on the auxiliary space, the sign is $+1$ if $\mathcal{C}$ is a real structure and $-1$ if $\mathcal{C}$ is quaternionic.


1) Are some references to this? Is this known? I know that people have calculated some things with partial transposes in critical systems, but for gapped systems? There is of course the work by Shinsei Ryu et al, but they work with fermionic systems (which is my goal as well) and they don't seem to give proofs.


EDIT: I since have found a couple of references. The earliest one seems to be Pollman and Turner who did the above calculation. It also shows up in this more comprehensive account by Ryu et al..



I want to conclude: since MPS states are dense in Hilbert space, the above then holds for all $C$-invariant states.


2) In going from the statement about MPS to general states: what could go wrong? For example, there is the problem of frustration, which i think plays no role here because i am considering pure states in the thermodynamic limit.


EDIT: As was shown by Fannes et al, the translation invariant pure states are $w*$-dense in the set of all translation invariant states. It seems that this notion of convergence will not be tight enough, at least so far i could only check that $Z$ is a continuous on Hilbert space with its norm given by the inner product. I would expect a stronger convergence to hold for exponentially clustering states.




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