This question is regarding the amazing answer given by Terry Bollinger at this Phys.SE post. I think this answer is very helpful but i do have some standing questions.
He says
Once the bonding has happened, however - once the atoms are in arrangements that don't leave unhappy electrons sitting around wanting to engage in close bonds - then the territorial aspect of electrons comes to the forefront: They begin defending their turf fiercely.
Does this "Turf" extend past the electron? Or is it the space occupied by the electron? And what exactly are they defending it with? Is it like an electric field surrounding the electron? And is this field any less physical then the electron its self?
Another question is when he stated that they move Close enough to not join but to still make "Contact" how close is close enough? Is it like two balls coming together and, instead of passing through each other, elastically deform? Is it this deforming, as opposed to merging, what is referred to a repelling?
If the electrons themselves don't "repel" (In the sense i outlined above) then is it some sort of field or force that repels? Is this field or force the Electron Cloud? If not, is this field or force present in the atom at all times, and by this logic, can this be thought off as the outer layer of the atom?
I also read here: http://users.hal-pc.org/~clement/Whats%20in%20a%20Touch.pdf That electrons clouds overlap all the time. that your feet and shoes overlap the electron clouds of the atom all the time. Is this correct?
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