Why was the Ether Theory refused by Modern Physics? If you please explain me, I just wanted to understand it more.
Answer
It's because the luminiferous aether was, by definition, composed out of some particles or elementary building blocks with a well-defined location in space. Consequently, it picks a privileged reference frame, the rest frame of the aether. In this rest frame, the speed of light – vibrations of the aether – could be constant, $c$.
However, things moving relatively to this aether by the speed $v$ should detect a different speed of the light relatively to them – the speed would go from $c-v$ to $c+v$, depending on the direction. However, this modification of the light speed, the so-called aether wind, was shown to be non-existent by the Morley-Michelson experiment which measured the speed to be $c$ regardless of the source and the observer. This falsifies the existence of the aether.
The equivalent but even more robust refutation of the aether came from the theory. A physicist named Albert Einstein built a whole new theory of spacetime, the so-called special theory of relativity (a picture of this physicist is often being shown by the ordinary people as well), that also assumes/guarantees that the speed of light is always constant and there can't be any privileged reference frame. Relativity has been backed by the Morley-Michelson experiment as well as hundreds of much more specific experiments.
One of the things it guarantees is that light (electromagnetic radiation) has to be made out of disturbances of the empty space, the vacuum itself, and not a localized material carrier.
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