I've a brief question about coherent states in quantum mechanics.
As everyone knows, a coherent state is just the proper state of the anhilitation operator a, thus they're defined with the eigenvalue equation a|α⟩=α|α⟩ (or inverting, ⟨α|a†=⟨α|a∗).
However, sometimes I've seen coherent states of the form |−α⟩, and I was wondering about their physical meaning and if they satisfy the same eigenvalue equation as before, i.e., a|−α⟩=−α|−α⟩ (and thus, ⟨−α|a†=⟨−α|−α∗).
Precisely, we can find these states, for example, in the case of the Schrödinger cat state.
Answer
Yes, coherent states can be found for any value of α. To see this, it's nice to use the displacement operator and construct the states:
D(α)=eαa†−α⋆a.
It is the exponential of an anti-Hermitian operator and so is unitary by construction. What is interesting is it's effect on the vacuum state, namely we can write
|α⟩=D(α)|0⟩.
To show this, let's compute the operator
D†(α)aD(α).
We can use BCH expansion and it reduces to
a+α.
As such, when we act with this operator on the vacuum state,
D†(α)aD(α)|0⟩=(a+α)|0⟩=α|0⟩.
Since D(α) is unitary, acting with it on the left on both sides, we get
aD(α)|0⟩=αD(α)|0⟩,
i.e. D(α)|0⟩=|α⟩ for any complex number α.
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