Saturday, 23 December 2017

classical mechanics - Does the second law of thermodynamics take into consideration of attractive interactions between particles?


If one searches Google or textbooks on 2nd Law of Thermodnamics, one usually finds a statement that is either equivalent or implies the following.


The entropy of the universe always increases.


But does that include intermolecular forces, or interactions among particles in general?


For example, suppose we have a planet with an atmosphere. The planet does not rotate around itself. For some reason, at this moment, the atmosphere is uniform in density up to 10km away from surface. Clearly, soon, we will find that the density of air molecules near the surface increases and the density far from the surface decreases, and the density probably ends up following an exponential decay in relation to altitude.


In the above scenario, this natural process decreases the entropy of the universe due to the gravitational field of the planet.


So what about the 2nd law of thermodynamics?





EDIT: For clarity, the gas molecules on this planet are assumed to be chargeless spheres that only collide elastically.


For clarify again, the above example assumes that the entropy in statistical thermodynamics is indeed the entropy referenced in 2nd law.




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