Thursday, 11 February 2016

statistical mechanics - Dynamic Renormalization group in Momentum space


I am trying to reproduce the computations of Appendix B of Fractal Concepts on Surface Growth (Barabási & Stanley), about the computation of the critical exponents of KPZ equation using Dynamic Renormalization Group techniques. I have the KPZ equation,


$$\frac{\partial h\left(\vec{x},t\right)}{\partial t}=v\nabla^{2}h+\frac{\lambda}{2}\left(\nabla h\right)^{2}+\eta\left(\vec{x},t\right)$$


where $\eta$ is a Gaussian white noise with correlations $\left\langle \eta\left(\vec{x},t\right)\eta\left(\vec{x}',t'\right)\right\rangle =2D\delta\left(\vec{x}-\vec{x}'\right)\delta\left(t-t'\right)$.


Then, I do a perturbative expansion and solve the integrals to renormalize $\nu$. I have no problem with that. I get the result indicated on the book,


$$\tilde{\nu}=\nu\left[1-\frac{\lambda^{2}DK_{d}\left(d-2\right)}{4d\nu^{3}}\int_{0}^{\Lambda}q^{d-3}dq\right]$$


where the integral is divergent for $d\leq d_c = 2$ as $q \rightarrow 0$. In section B.3, the book tells how to renormalize the integral in $dq$, and it gives two steps:


1) The equivalent of coarse graining in real space, which to integrate in a momentum shell $\Lambda /b \leq q \leq \Lambda$, leaving the integral $0 \leq q \leq \Lambda / b$ untouched. We will use also $b=e^\ell\simeq(1+\ell)$.



2) A rescaling, which in space is $x\rightarrow bx$ and in momentum is $q \rightarrow q/b$.


However I don't understand how this is done in the divergent integral. What you can see in the book is that they compute


$$\int_{\Lambda/b} ^{\Lambda}q^{d-3}dq \simeq \int_{\Lambda (1-\ell)} ^{\Lambda}q^{d-3}dq \simeq \ell \Lambda^{d-2}$$


where they let $\Lambda=1$ without loss of generality. Then they say that this result is the one we get when we are with long wavelenghts (slow modes) only,


$$\nu^<=\nu\left[1-\ell\frac{\lambda^{2}DK_{d}\left(d-2\right)}{4d\nu^{3}}\right]$$


And then they apply the rescaling as $\tilde{\nu} =b^{z-2}\nu^< \simeq \nu^< [1+\ell(z-2)]$. Then the book substitutes the expression of $\nu^<$ and operates to order $\mathcal{O}(\ell)$ to find the flow equations for the parameter.


Under my point of view, what it is doing is to integrate the fast modes and put this result inside the expression of $\nu^<$, which are the slow modes, and forgets about the integral between 0 and $\Lambda/b$.


So my question is: I don't understand why we integrate over the fast modes and then substitute directly in the expression of $\nu$. More precisely, I don't know what happened to the integral between 0 and $\Lambda/b$. What am I missing here?.


I tried to see why this is done in this way. I tried to separe the integral in slow and fast modes:


$$\int_{0} ^{\Lambda}q^{d-3}dq= \int_{0} ^{\Lambda/b}q^{d-3}dq + \int_{\Lambda/b} ^{\Lambda}q^{d-3}dq$$



Then the second integral can be done and it is a constant. As I see, when I rescale $q\rightarrow q/b$, the first integral has the limit $\Lambda/b \rightarrow \Lambda /b^2$. In addition to that, the constant will depend also on $\Lambda$, so it will be also rescaled -unless we use the trick to put $\Lambda = 1$ as they do, so I am really not sure on how this works.


So, how this separation into slow and fast modes happen? Any explanation and/or useful sources are welcome.


UPDATE: I added a bounty for getting more attention into this question. In addition to that, I want to point out that I've read that in fact all this come from the beginning, so I have to split the field $h(\vec{k},\omega)=h^<(\vec{k},\omega)+h^>(\vec{k},\omega)$ and then average only over the fast modes $h^>(\vec{k},\omega)$. This will give the expression for $\nu ^<$ I am trying to find, after doing to one-loop integral, that will be only in the momentum shell. However I couldn't get a lot of detail on how to do this process. Thank you!




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