Suppose a beam of particles is prepared with spin in the +z direction (e.g. by a Stern-Gerlach apparatus). Suppose this beam then enters a Stern-Gerlach apparatus with orientation θ relative to +z. Quantum Mechanics predicts that with probability cos2(θ/2) a particle will be deflected in the +θ direction, and with probability sin2(θ/2) a particle will be deflected in the −θ direction.
I have not been able to find any published experimental tests of this prediction for arbitrary values of θ. If you know of any, please provide the appropriate citation.
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