homework and exercises - Lorentz Invariant Integration Measure

When we canonically quantize the scalar field in QFT, we use a Lorentz invariant integration measure given by $$\widetilde{dk} \equiv \frac{d^3k}{(2\pi)^3 2\omega(\textbf{k})}.$$

How can I show that it is Lorentz invariant?

Answer

To show that this measure is Lorentz invariant you first need to explicitly write your integral as an integral over mass shell in 4D k-space. This could be done by inserting Dirac delta function $\delta[k^\mu k_\mu-m^2]$ and integrating over the whole 4D space.

Then you could apply the following transformations: \begin{align} \theta(k_0)\cdot\delta[k^\mu k_\mu-m^2] &= \theta(k_0)\cdot\delta[k_0^2-|\mathbf{k}|^2-m^2]\\ &=\theta(k_0)\cdot\delta\left[(k_0-\sqrt{|\mathbf{k}|^2+m^2})(k_0+\sqrt{|\mathbf{k}|^2+m^2})\right]\\ &=\frac{\delta\left[k_0-\sqrt{|\mathbf{k}|^2+m^2}\right]}{2\,k_0}, \end{align} where Heaviside function $\theta(k_0)$ is used to select only future part of the mass shell.