When writing the equations of motion for the simple pendulum, why do textbooks always choose θ to be the generalized coordinate? The force of gravity is in the y-direction so wouldn't it be natural to write everything in terms of y instead of θ? Since the string is of fixed length l, we can write x=√l2−y2 and so shouldn't we be able to write the Equations of Motion completely in terms of y?
Answer
Peter Green's answer already showed you the error (x=√l2−y2 isn't generally true), but you can also directly see that y isn't a sufficient coordinate:
No matter how fast the pendulum moves, at the bottom we always have y=−l and ˙y=0. Therefore, you can't describe the state of the system just by y and ˙y.
Edit: It's also worth pointing out that the other answers are indeed correct that θ is used instead of cartesian coordinates also because it actually is the choice that gives the simplest (and, subjectively, most natural) equations.
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