Wednesday, 30 December 2015

condensed matter - Electric polarization in terms of berry phase?


I was reading a text in which Electric polarization in terms of Berry phase was defined as


$P=\frac{e}{2\pi}\sum_{n}\int A_n (k) dk$


under gauge transformation $P\rightarrow P+ne$ (which means polarization can't be defined because it is not gauge invariant quantity) but in the text they defined polarization as $P mod(e\times integer)$ I am having trouble understanding this $mod$ argument ,


How can polarization is defined as $Pmod(e\times integer)$?




No comments:

Post a Comment

Understanding Stagnation point in pitot fluid

What is stagnation point in fluid mechanics. At the open end of the pitot tube the velocity of the fluid becomes zero.But that should result...