Can you suggest some references for rigorous treatment of thermodynamics? I want things like reversibility, equilibrium to be clearly defined in terms of the basic assumptions of the framework.
Answer
1) The pioneer of the rigorous treatment of thermodynamics is Constantin Carathéodory. His aticle (Carathéodory, C., Untersuchung über die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik, Math. Annalen 67, 355-386) is cited everywhere in this context, but probably you want some newer and more modern things.
2) Buchdahl wrote a lot of papers about this subject in the 40's, 50's and 60's. He summarized these in the book: H.A. Buchdahl, The Concepts of Classical Thermodynamics (Cambridge Monographs on Physics), 1966.
3) There was a recent series of articles on this subject by Lieb and Yngavason which became famous. You can find the online version of these here, here, here and here :).
4) Finally, I have come across the book T. Matolcsi, "Ordinary Thermodynamics" (since a few friends of mine went to the class of the author), which treats thermodynamics in a mathematically very rigorous way.
I hope some of these will help you.
Greetings, Zoltan
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