My question is not about (pseudo) philosophical debate; it concerns mathematical operations and experimental facts.
What is an observer? What are the conditions required to be qualified of observer, both mathematically and experimentally?
Answer
Observer is a special person (or a system that contains such person) which does not obey the usual laws of quantum mechanics. While it is much easier to define observer from a philosophical point of view, the mathematical answer is that the observer is a system which manifests subjective decoherence when observed. For the definition of subjective decoherence and precise mathematical formulations, refer to this work.
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