I am trying to calculate Z=∫ϕ(β)=ϕ(0)=0Dϕ e−12∫β0dτ˙ϕ2
without transforming it to the Matsubara frequency space, I can show that Z=√12πβ. However, I have a problem in obtaining the same result in the Matsubara frequency space: ϕ(τ)=1√β(∑nϕn eiωnτ),
with ∑nϕn=0,ωn=2πnβ. And Z=∫∏nDϕn δ(∑nϕn) e−12∑nϕnϕ−nω2n
which, I think, vanishes.
I guess the problem lies in the measure. Any comments?
Info: I write the Schulman's derivation in imaginary time here. Z=∫ϕ(0)=ϕ(β)=0Dϕ(τ)e−12∫β0dτ˙ϕ2=limN→∞(12πϵ)(N+1)/2∫dϕ1…dϕNe−12ϵ∑Ni=0(ϕi+1−ϕi)2
Then, we can use the identity ∫∞−∞du√aπe−a(x−u)2√bπe−b(u−y)2=√abπ(a+b)e−aba+b(x−y)2
to evaluate the sum to be Z=√12πβ.
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