Let us define the magnetic field →B=g→rr3
EDIT:
If I calculate the divergence I get ∇⋅→B=∇⋅(g→rr3)=g(∇1r3)⋅→r+gr3(∇⋅→r)=g(−3→rr5)⋅→r+gr3(1+1+1)=−3g1r3+3g1r3=0
Answer
For each r>0, the divergence of the magnetic field of the monopole is zero as you have already checked; ∇⋅B(x)=0,for all x≠0.
But what if we also want to find the divergence of this field at the origin? After all, that is where the point source sits. We might expect that there is some sense in which the divergence there should be nonzero to reflect the fact that there is a point source sitting there. The problem is that the magnetic field is singular there, and the standard divergence is therefore not defined there.
However, in electrodynamics, we get around this by interpreting the fields not merely as functions E,B:R3→R3, namely ordinary vector fields in three dimensions, but as distributions (aka generalized functions). As as it turns out, when we do this, there is a sense in which the magnetic field you wrote down has nonzero divergence at the origin (in fact the divergence is "infinite" there). I'll leave it to you to investigate the details, but the punchline is that you need something called the distributional derivative to perform the computation rigorously. Physicists often perform the distributional derivative of the monopole field by "regulating" the singularity at the origin, but this is not necessary. Whichever method you use, the result you're looking for is ∇⋅x|x|3=4πδ(3)(x)
Addendum. Since user PhysiXxx has posted the procedure for proving the identity I claim above by using the regularization procedure to which I referred, I suppose I might as well show how you prove the identity when it is interpreted in the sense of distributions.
A distribution is a linear functional that acts on so-called test functions and outputs real numbers. To view a sufficiently well-behaved function f:R3→R as a distribution, we need to associate a linear function Tf to it. The standard way of doing this is to define Tf[ϕ]=∫R3d3xf(x)ϕ(x).
In the last step we used the fundamental theorem of calculus, the fact that ϕ vanishes as r→∞ and the fact that when r→0, the average value of a function over the sphere of radius r becomes its value at the origin, namely limr→014π∫2ϕ0dθ∫π0dϕϕ(r,θ,ϕ)=ϕ(0)
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