for example, I rub a ballon on carpet. What is an experiment I can do to tell which object is net positive charged and which is negative?
Answer
Find some material which you know takes up or gives away electrons. Bring it close to the object in question. If they are of like charge, they will come together, otherwise they will repel.
Take advantage of the Lorentz Force and move the object in question near a strong magnet. Use the Lorentz to figure out which way the particle ought to move, and observe which direction the object actually does move. This would be easiest, according to my opinion, if you ran it next to a wire which produces a magnetic field.
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