A way to do mean field theory for the Ising model is as follows.
- First take the Ising Hamiltonian: $$H=-J \sum_{\left} \sigma_i\sigma_j$$
Let σi=σi−M+M and likewise for σj to get: $$H=-J \sum_{\left} (M^2 +(\sigma_i-M)M+(\sigma_j-M)M+\underbrace{(\sigma_i-M)(\sigma_j-M)}_{\bigstar})$$
Ignore the stared (⋆) term.
Write down the partition function, apply a self-consistency condition etc.
Given that in the Ising model σi=±1 thus for any given i and j, the (⋆) term is not going to be small. What is the standard justificiation for then ignoring it?
Answer
Even though σi−M is not small, expectation value of its square is small as that corresponds to the variance, hence fluctuations, which are assumed to be next order terms in the mean-field-theory. That's why summation ∑(σi−M)(σj−M), which is basically autocovariance function along lattice sites, should be small. By the way, here we should have M=<σi>.
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