Sunday, 24 September 2017

quantum mechanics - Whence the $i$ in QM Poisson bracket definition?



On p. 87 of Dirac's Quantum Mechanics he introduces the quantum analog of the classical Poisson bracket$^1$


$$ [u,v]~=~\sum_r \left( \frac{\partial u}{\partial q_r}\frac{\partial u}{\partial p_r}- \frac{\partial u}{\partial p_r}\frac{\partial u}{\partial q_r}\right) \tag{1}$$


as


$$uv-vu ~=~i~\hbar~[u,v]. \tag{7}$$


I'm not worried about the $\hbar$ but if there is an (alternative) explanation of why the introduction of $i$ is unavoidable that might help.




$^1$ Note that Dirac uses square brackets to denote the Poisson bracket.



Answer



The imaginary unit $i$ is there to turn quantum observables/selfadjoint operators into anti-selfadjoint operators, so that they form a Lie algebra wrt. the commutator.


Or equivalently, consider the Lie algebra of quantum observables/selfadjoint operators with the commutator divided with $i$ as Lie bracket.



The latter Lie algebra corresponds in turn to the Poisson algebra of classical functions, cf. the correspondence principle.


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